Developing a GME Policy Toolkit that States Can Use to Evaluate Return on Investment for Public Funds Invested in Training

Investigators: Erin Fraher, PhD, MPP; Tom Ricketts, PhD, MPH; Ryan Kandrack, PhD

This study developed and refined a methodology that states can use to evaluate the return on investment for public funds spent on Graduate Medical Education (GME). Armed with data about the outcomes of GME funds invested—in terms of yield of physicians in needed specialties and geographies–states can make more informed decisions about where to target future GME funds to produce the physician workforce needed to meet population health needs and ensure value for their investment.

• Fraher EP, Knapton A, Holmes GM. A methodology for using workforce data to decide which specialties and states to target for graduate medical education expansion. Health services research. 2017 Feb;52:508-28.

• Fraher E, Knapton A, Holmes M. A Methodology for Using Workforce Data to Decide which Specialties and States to Target for GME Expansion. Policy Brief. Carolina Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research. April 2016.

• Fraher E, Knapton A. 2016 January. A Methodology for Using Workforce Data to Determine which Specialties and States Could Be Targeted for GME Expansion. Abstract. Carolina Health Workforce Research Center. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

• Fraher E, Spero J, Galloway E, Bacon T. 2018 March 6. Developing a Toolkit that States Can Use to Evaluate the ROI for Public Funds Invested in GME. Health Workforce Technical Assistance Center. Webinar.
• Fraher E. Graduate Medical Education: Better Data = Better Policy. Action is at State Level. Presentation. Health Workforce Needs in a Time of Transformation. George Washington Health Workforce Institute, Washington, DC. May 3, 2017.
• Fraher E. 2016 April 7. Toward a National Strategic Plan for GME: Stakeholders, Data and Innovative State Approaches. Council on Graduate Medical Education.
• Knapton A, Fraher EP. 2015. Using workforce data to drive graduate medical education investments. 2015 April 30: Podium presentation at: Association of American Medical Colleges Health Workforce Research Conference; Washington, DC.
• Fraher E. Physician Shortages: What If We Actually Used Data to Shape GME Policy? Presentation to Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) senior staff. Washington DC. April 13, 2015.
• Fraher E, Spero J. Graduate Medical Education: What’s Going on in North Carolina and Other States? Presentation. NC Hospital and Health System CEOs/AHEC Directors Meeting. Cary, NC. February 18, 2015.
• Fraher E, Spero J, Ricketts TC, Rockey P. Graduate Medical Education in the United States: Lessons Learned from State-Based Initiatives. Podium presentation. AcademyHealth Annual Research Meeting. San Diego, CA. June 9, 2014.
• Spero J, Fraher E, Ricketts T, Rockey P. Graduate Medical Education in the US: Lessons Learned from State Initiatives. Webinar. CMMI SIM Team. Chapel Hill, NC. May 21, 2014.